منابع مشابه
Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity.
OBJECTIVE To establish whether variation in innate immunity, as measured by the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole-blood culture, is related to sex or HLA. METHODS Normal volunteers (72 women, 159 men) completed questionnaires and donated peripheral blood specimens. Blood samples were exposed to LPS in a 4-hour in vitro culture, and supernatants ...
متن کاملA pathway for sexual dimorphism in innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
TO THE EDITOR—In a recent review article on sex differences, published in a supplement to The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Muenchhoff and Goulder summarized the evidence for sex differences in pediatric infectious diseases. They explain the T-helper type 1 (Th1) dominance in females [1]. It is well known that interferon γ (IFN-γ) expression is enhanced by estrogen [2]. They then mention the ...
متن کاملSexual Dimorphism
S Vertebrates ” ( J. G. M. Thewissen , and S. Nummela , eds ) , pp. 211 – 224 . University of California Press , Berkeley . Pihlström , H. ( 2008 ). Comparative anatomy and physiology of chemical senses in aquatic mammals . In “ Sensory Evolution on the Threshold Adaptations in Secondarily Aquatic Vertebrates ” ( J. G. M. Thewissen , and S. Nummela , eds ) , pp. 95 – 109 . University of Califor...
متن کاملSexual size dimorphism in anurans.
Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the direction and extent of sexual size dimorphism in anurans (in which males are usually smaller than females) as a result of sexual selection. Here, we present an analysis to test the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism in anurans is largely a function of differences between the sexes in life-history strategies. Morphological and demographic data...
متن کاملWnt Signaling in Sexual Dimorphism.
The embryonic gonad of Drosophila melanogaster begins to display sexually dimorphic traits soon after its formation. Here we demonstrate the involvement of a wnt family ligand, wnt-2, in the induction of these sex-specific differences. We show that wnt-2 contributes to the survival of a male-specific population of somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs), the male-specific SGPs that are located a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Arthritis & Rheumatism
سال: 2002
ISSN: 0004-3591,1529-0131
DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<250::aid-art10064>3.0.co;2-t